液体火箭发动机涡轮泵用机械密封温度场及热载变形研究

基于ANSYS数值计算软件,建立了液体火箭发动机涡轮泵用机械密封的二维稳态传热模型,依靠经验公式确定了模型的对流换热系数。计算了密封环的温度场和热载变形,分析了密封端面比压、回流流量以及不同材质对密封温度场的影响规律。结果表明:密封端面最高温度发生在靠近密封环内径处,且密封端面比压越大密封环温度梯度越大;密封环热载变形呈收敛间隙,最大变形发生在动环端面的外径处,其值约为2.2μm;密封环端面最高温度随回流流量增加而减小,当回流流量从0.1~0.6 kg/s变化时,密封环端面最高温度可降低18%(从100℃降至82℃);当回流流量增大到0.3 kg/s时,继续提高对密封环端面温升的控制不再显著;采用高导热系数的摩擦副材料能够显著降低端面温升和温度梯度,提高密封工作可靠性。     

Leakage performance of floating ring seal in cold/hot state for aero-engine

Rotating experimental investigations were carried out to study the oil sealing capability of two different floating ring seals in cold/hot state for aero-engine. High-speed Floating Ring Seal(HFRS) is a seal with the inner diameter of 83.72 mm and maximum speed of 38000 r/min, and Low-speed Floating Ring Seal(LFRS) is another seal with the inner diameter of 40.01 mm and maximum speed of 18000 r/min. In hot state, sealing air with the temperature of 371 K and oil with the temperature of 343 K was employed to model the working conditions of an aero-engine. Comparisons between floating ring seal and labyrinth seal were done to inspect the leakage performance.More attention was paid to the critical pressure ratio where the oil leakage began. Results show that the critical pressure ratio in cold state is obviously larger than that in hot state for both seals. An underlying sealing mechanism for floating ring seal is clarified by the fluid film, which closely associates with the dimensionless parameter of clearance over rotating diameter(2 c/Dr). Another fantastic phenomenon is that the leakage coefficient in hot state, not the leakage magnitude, is unexpectedly larger than that in cold state. Overall, the leakage performance of the floating ring seal is better than the labyrinth seal.     

金属密封件镀金工艺研究

介绍了金属密封件镀金工艺技术,该工艺采用亚硫酸盐镀金方案,以单脉冲电源为镀覆电源,以预镀镍层为中间镀层来制备金镀层,得到了结晶细致、厚度均匀并与基体上结合牢固的金镀层.研究了金镀层的沉积速率和结合强度,观察了镀层的表面形貌和组织结构,进行了金属密封件气密性试验和典型试验.结果表明：金属密封件金镀层的技术性能指标满足设计要求,能够应用于液体火箭发动机中,该发动机已通过地面热试车考核.     

Dynamic analysis of C/C composite finger seal

A seal device as an important component of aeroengines has decisive influence on per- formance, reliability, and working life of aeroengines. With the development of aeroengines, demands on the performance characteristics of seal devices are made strictly. Finger seal as a novel kind of sealing device, recently attracts more and more attentions in academic circles and engineer- ing fields at home and abroad. Research on finger seals has been extensively developed, especially on leakage and wear performances under dynamic conditions. However, it is a pity that the work on finger seals has been limited with a single approach that is improving the performance by structural optimization; in addition, the technology of dynamic analysis on finger seals is weak. Aiming at the problems mentioned above, a distributed mass equivalent dynamic model of finger seals considering the coupling effect of overlaid laminates is established in the present paper, the dynamic perfor- mance of 2.5 dimension C/C composite finger seal is analyzed with the model, and then the effects of fiber bundle density and fiber bundle preparation direction on finger seal＇s dynamic performance are discussed, as well as compared with those of Co-based alloy finger seal. The current work is about dynamic analysis of finger seals and application of C/C composite in this paper may have much academic significance and many engineering values for improving research level of finger seal dynamics and exploring feasibility of C/C composite being used for finger seals.     

液体火箭发动机涡轮泵机械密封磨损机理研究

对比分析了机械密封静环端面原始表面和磨损表面形貌,得到了磨损形式和内外径磨损差异;仿真分析了密封端面接触应力及温度场,分析了转速、介质压力等条件对端面接触应力和温度场的影响;探明了端面接触应力和温度变化对磨损性能的影响,阐述了机械密封的磨损机理。     

气压变化对光纤陀螺仪零偏稳定性 的影响及抑制方法研究

光纤陀螺仪可用于测量载体相对惯性空间的角运动, 是光纤惯导系统的核 心部件。因此,要求光纤陀螺仪具有较高的精度和良好的环境适应性。光纤环是光纤陀 螺仪的角速度敏感部件,光纤环受到环境因素影响,将导致光纤陀螺仪精度下降,因此 需要对光纤环采取适当的保护措施。分析了气压变化导致光纤陀螺仪零偏稳定性变差的 机理： 环境气压的急剧变化, 会使光纤环上产生附加应力, 造成光纤的折射率分布不 均,导致光路产生非互易性相位差,使光纤陀螺仪零偏产生漂移,零偏稳定性变差;并 提出了对光纤陀螺仪进行密封的措施来抑制该效应。经试验验证,采用此密封设计后, 光纤陀螺仪在变气压环境中的零偏稳定性改善了近10 倍。     

离心压缩机密封及空腔流动的一维/三维耦合建模研究

为了在保证数值预测精度的同时降低离心压缩机的建模复杂度,以一维密封泄漏计算替代完整的密封及空腔建模,开展了离心压缩机盖盘密封及空腔流动的源项建模方法研究。结果表明:基于源项方法的密封及空腔简化建模仅需在主流道建模基础上施加泄漏质量流量、总温和摩擦损失源项边界条件,即可较高精度地还原完整的盖盘密封及空腔建模的性能和关键流动细节。与完整建模相比,在全工况下源项建模预测的等熵效率的绝对偏差小于0.65%,总压比和等熵效率的相对性能偏差小于1%。该方法可在满足下游部件匹配设计精度需求的同时,减少50%以上的网格数量,并显著提高计算的经济性和收敛性。泄漏流量的计算精确度是影响源项建模法性能预测准确性的最关键因素,耦合建模可以采用一维计算中推荐的密封泄漏系数值。      

典型流阻元件的流量和熵产模型研究

为揭示流阻元件的流动损失机理,本文从热力学理论出发,建立了流阻元件的质量流量模型和熵产模型,分析了质量流量与熵产之间的关系,研究了熵产随系统压比和进口总压的变化情况,并通过预旋喷嘴和篦齿封严的实验结果对两个模型进行了分析评估。结果表明,质量流量模型与实验结果的最大偏差不超过2.8%;熵产模型与实验结果的最大偏差不超过1.9%。系统熵产随系统压比的增加而增大,随进口总压的增加而减小。当系统的进口总压,进口总温和出口静压不变时,模型中的参数a是衡量不同元件熵产大小的唯一量度。     

篦齿封严风阻温升特性研究

篦齿封严风阻温升效应引起的热负荷对航空发动机涡轮叶片冷气系统有着重要的影响。采用理论分析、数值计算与实验相结合的方法系统地研究了篦齿封严的风阻温升特性。首先,对篦齿封严风阻温升特性进行了理论分析,设计搭建了篦齿封严风阻温升特性实验台,建立了基于RNG（Re-Normalization Group） k-ε湍流方程的篦齿封严风阻温升数值求解模型。然后,研究了篦齿封严流场特性、泄漏特性和风阻温升特性,并将理论计算、数值仿真与实验测试结果相互对比分析,研究了压比、转速等因素对篦齿封严风阻温升特性的影响规律,揭示了篦齿封严的风阻温升效应产生的机理。结果表明：高低齿篦齿封严结构减弱了篦齿封严的透气效应,增强了篦齿封严的动能耗散,有利于降低篦齿封严的泄漏量;在所研究的工况下,转速低于2 000 r/min时,风阻温升效应较小,转速在2 000~6 000 r/min时,风阻温升随转速的升高而增大,温升值最高可达12.87 K;压比的增大会加强气流的对流换热,转速为6 000 r/min时,压比从1.1增加到1.3,温升值下降了7 K左右;风阻温升产生的主要原因是流经封严间隙的黏性气流与高速旋转的转子相互摩擦产生热量,气流吸收这部分摩擦热导致温度升高,转子转速越高,风阻温升效应越强。所研究的篦齿封严风阻温升特性为航空发动机内通道气流热负荷分析提供了理论依据。     

锥形间隙孔型阻尼密封动力特性分析及抑振机理

应用非定常动网格技术建立了锥形间隙孔型阻尼密封动力特性多频椭圆涡动求解模型,研究了锥形度和涡动频率对孔型阻尼密封泄漏特性与动力特性的影响,分析了锥形间隙孔型阻尼密封的抑振机理。结果表明:锥形间隙增强了孔型阻尼密封的泄漏直通效应,增加了密封泄漏量。在平均间隙相等的情况下,收敛间隙孔型阻尼密封泄漏量小于发散间隙孔型阻尼密封;在同一涡动频率下,刚度系数随着锥形度的增加而增大,阻尼系数随着锥形度的增加而减小;收敛间隙孔型阻尼密封具有较大的正直接刚度,增加了转子系统的固有频率,发散间隙孔型阻尼密封产生较大的负直接刚度;收敛间隙孔型阻尼密封具有较大的有效刚度和穿越频率,较小的有效阻尼,发散间隙孔型阻尼密封具有较大的有效阻尼,较小的有效刚度和穿越频率;在锥形间隙孔型阻尼密封结构设计时,需要同时考虑转子系统固有频率和同心度的影响。